New Aquarium Setup Guide: What You’ll Need to Get Started

New Aquarium Setup Guide: What You’ll Need to Get Started

Setting up your first aquarium is exciting — but knowing what equipment to use makes all the difference between a thriving, crystal-clear tank and one that struggles. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose the right items for your new setup.

1. Size of Your Tank

Start with the right tank size for your space and the type of fish you want to keep.

• Smaller tanks (10–20 gallons) are great for beginners but require more frequent maintenance.

• Medium tanks (30–75 gallons) offer better stability and more stocking options.

• Larger tanks (90+ gallons) create impressive displays and are easier to maintain once established.

Always place your aquarium on a sturdy, level stand that can support its full weight when filled with water, gravel, and decorations.

2. Filters – The Heart of Your Aquarium

A filter keeps your water clean and your fish healthy by removing debris and harmful waste.

Types of Filters:

• Hang-On-Back (HOB) Filter: Easy to use, budget-friendly, and perfect for small to medium freshwater aquariums.

• Canister Filter: Offers powerful mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration — ideal for larger tanks or tanks with heavy bioloads.

• Internal Filter: Compact and efficient for small tanks or breeding/quarantine setups.

• Sump Filter: A sump is a separate tank (usually under the main display) that holds additional filtration media, heaters, and equipment.

  • Best for large aquariums (75+ gallons) and saltwater or high-end freshwater setups.

  • Offers the cleanest look, easiest maintenance, and largest filtration capacity.

👉 Choose a filter rated for at least 1.5–2x your tank size for best performance.

3. Heaters – Keeping Water Temperature Stable

Most tropical fish need warm, stable temperatures between 75–80°F.
Use an aquarium heater that provides about 3–5 watts per gallon of water.

Example:

• 20-gallon tank → 75–100W heater

• 55-gallon tank → 200–300W heater

Always use a reliable thermometer to monitor temperature and prevent fluctuations.

4. Lighting – For Beauty and Growth

Lighting brings your aquarium to life and supports plant growth if you keep live plants.

Tips:

• For fish-only tanks, use LED lighting sized to your aquarium’s length.

• For planted tanks, choose full-spectrum LED lights designed for plant growth and run them 8–10 hours per day.

Avoid direct sunlight to prevent algae growth.

5. Substrate – The Foundation

I always recommend sand — it’s easy to clean and gives a natural look.
For planted aquariums, use specialized plant substrates rich in nutrients to support root growth and vibrant plants.

A 1–2 inch layer is ideal for most setups.

6. Supplements – Water Care Essentials

To keep your aquarium balanced and clear, you’ll need a few key products:

• Water Conditioner: Removes chlorine and harmful chemicals from tap water.

• Biological Bacteria Starter: Helps establish beneficial bacteria for a safe nitrogen cycle.

• Clarifier (optional): Clears cloudy water and polishes your aquarium after maintenance.

7. Decorations – Make It Yours

Decorations bring personality and comfort to your fish’s environment. Mix and match safely:

• Driftwood – adds a natural, earthy look and can slightly soften water.

• Plastic or Silk Plants – easy to clean and low maintenance.

• Backgrounds – enhance depth and reduce reflections.

• Resin Ornaments – fun, colorful, and aquarium-safe.

Always rinse decorations before placing them in your tank.

Final Tips

• Cycle your tank before adding fish.

• Test water parameters regularly.

• Add fish slowly and avoid overstocking.

With the right setup and care, you’ll enjoy a healthy, vibrant aquarium for years to come.